Helium chinhu chemakemikari chine chiratidzo cheHe uye atomic number 2. Igasi remumhepo risingawanzoonekwi, harina ruvara, harina kunaka, harina chepfu, haribati, rinonyunguduka zvishoma mumvura. Kuwanda kweHelium mumhepo i5.24 x 10-4 muzana. Ine nzvimbo shoma yekufashaira nekunyunguduka pane chero chinhu, uye inongovapo segasi, kunze kwekunge kuchitonhora zvakanyanya.

Helium inonyanya kutakurwa segasi kana kuti helium yemvura uye inoshandiswa mu nuclear reactors, semiconductors, lasers, light bulbs, superconductivity, instrumentation, semiconductors uye fiber optics, cryogenic, MRI uye R&D laboratory research.

Nzvimbo Inotonhora Yekupisa Kwakaderera

Helium inoshandiswa se cryogenic coolant ye cryogenic coolant sources, dzakadai se magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum particle accelerator, large hadron collider, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) uye superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), MHD superconducting generators, superconducting sensor, power transmission, maglev transportation, mass spectrometer, superconducting magnet, strong magnetic field separators, annular field superconducting magnets e fusion reactors nedzimwe cryogenic research. Helium inotonhodza cryogenic superconducting materials nema magnets kusvika pedyo ne absolute zero, ipapo resistance ye superconductor inongoerekana yadzikira kusvika zero. Resistance yakaderera ye superconductor inogadzira magnetic field ine simba. Panyaya yeMRI inoshandiswa muzvipatara, magnetic fields yakasimba inogadzira ruzivo rwakawanda mumifananidzo ye radiographic.

Helium inoshandiswa sechinhu chinotonhodza zvakanyanya nekuti helium ine nzvimbo dzakaderera dzekunyunguduka nekufashaira, haiome kana mhepo yaoma uye 0 K, uye helium haina makemikari, zvichiita kuti zviome kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, helium inova pasi pe2.2 Kelvin. Kusvika pari zvino, kufamba kwayo kwakanyanya hakuna kushandiswa mumaindasitiri. Patembiricha dziri pasi pe17 Kelvin, hapana chinotsiva helium sechinotonhodza mumhepo inotonhora.

Masayendisiti emuchadenga neAstronautics

Helium inoshandiswawo mumabharumu nezvikepe zvemuchadenga. Nekuti helium yakareruka kupfuura mhepo, zvikepe zvemuchadenga nemabharumu zvinozadzwa nehelium. Helium ine mukana wekuti haibati, kunyangwe hydrogen ichinyorova uye ine mukana wakaderera wekubuda kubva mumembrane. Imwe nzira yechipiri yekushandisa ndeye tekinoroji yeroketi, uko helium inoshandiswa senzira yekurasikirwa nayo kubvisa mafuta neoxidizer mumatangi ekuchengetera uye kusanganisa hydrogen neokisijeni kugadzira mafuta eroketi. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kubvisa mafuta neoxidizer kubva mumidziyo yekutsigira pasi isati yatanga, uye inogona kutonhodza hydrogen yemvura muchombo chemuchadenga. Muroketi yeSaturn V yakashandiswa muchirongwa cheApollo, inosvika 370,000 cubic metres (mamiriyoni 13 cubic feet) yehelium yaidiwa kuti itange.

Kuongorora uye Kuona Kubuda Kwemapaipi

Imwe nzira inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri ye helium ndeyekuona kubuda kwemvura. Kuona kubuda kwemvura kunoshandiswa kuona kubuda kwemvura mumasisitimu ane mvura nemagasi. Nekuti helium inopararira nepazvinhu zvakasimba katatu kupfuura mhepo, inoshandiswa segasi rekutsvaga kubuda kwemvura mumidziyo ine vacuum yakawanda (yakadai sematangi e cryogenic) nemidziyo ine simba guru. Chinhu chacho chinoiswa mukamuri, iyo inozoburitswa yozadzwa ne helium. Kunyangwe pakubuda kwemvura kwakaderera se 10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), helium inobuda nepakubuda kwemvura inogona kuonekwa nemudziyo unonzwisisika (helium mass spectrometer). Maitiro ekuyera anowanzoitwa otomatiki uye anonzi helium integration test. Imwe nzira iri nyore ndeyekuzadza chinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho ne helium uye kutsvaga kubuda kwemvura nemaoko uchishandisa mudziyo unobatwa nemaoko.

Helium inoshandiswa pakuona kudonha kwemvura nekuti ndiyo molecule diki uye imorekuru ine monoatomic, saka helium inodonha nyore nyore. Gasi reHelium rinozadzwa muchinhu panguva yekuona kudonha kwemvura, uye kana kudonha kwemvura kukaitika, helium mass spectrometer inozokwanisa kuona nzvimbo yekudonha kwemvura. Helium inogona kushandiswa kuona kudonha kwemvura mumaroketi, matangi emafuta, ma heat exchangers, magasi, ma electronics, ma TELEVISION tubes nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira. Kuona kudonha kwemvura uchishandisa helium kwakatanga kushandiswa panguva ye Manhattan project kuona kudonha kwemvura pa plants dzinowedzera uranium. Helium inogona kutsiviwa ne hydrogen, nitrogen, kana musanganiswa we hydrogen ne nitrogen.

Kushongedza uye Kushanda Nesimbi

Gasi reHelium rinoshandiswa segasi rinodzivirira mu arc welding uye plasma arc welding nekuda kwesimba rayo re ionization rakawanda kupfuura mamwe maatomu. Gasi reHelium rakatenderedza weld rinodzivirira simbi kuti isaoxidize kana yakanyungudutswa. Simba guru re ionization re helium rinobvumira plasma arc welding yesimbi dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa mukuvaka, kuvaka ngarava, uye mundege, dzakadai se titanium, zirconium, magnesium, uye aruminiyamu alloys. Kunyangwe helium iri mugasi rekudzivirira ichigona kutsiviwa ne argon kana hydrogen, zvimwe zvinhu (zvakaita se titanium helium) hazvigone kutsiviwa ne plasma arc welding. Nekuti helium ndiyo yega gasi rakachengeteka kana tembiricha yakakwira.

Imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kushanda pakugadzira ndeyekusanganisa simbi isingatsvi. Helium igesi isina simba, zvinoreva kuti haisangani nemakemikari kana ikasangana nezvimwe zvinhu. Hunhu uhwu hwakakosha zvikuru mumagasi ekudzivirira kusanganisa.

Helium inofambisawo kupisa zvakanaka. Ndosaka ichiwanzo shandiswa mumawelds uko kunodiwa kupisa kwakanyanya kuti weld ikwanise kunyorova. Helium inobatsirawo pakumhanya.

Helium inowanzo sanganiswa neargon muhuwandu hwakasiyana mumusanganiswa wegasi rinodzivirira kuti ishandise zvizere hunhu hwakanaka hwemagasi ese ari maviri. Semuenzaniso, helium inoshanda segasi rinodzivirira kuti ibatsire kupa nzira dzakafara uye dzisina kudzika dzekupinda panguva yekusveta. Asi helium haipe kuchenesa kunoonekwa neargon.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, vagadziri vesimbi vanowanzo funga nezvekusanganisa argon nehelium sechikamu chekushanda kwavo. Pakushongedza simbi ine arc yegesi, helium inogona kuva ne25% kusvika 75% yemusanganiswa wegesi mumusanganiswa wehelium/argon. Nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wegesi unodzivirira, welder inogona kukanganisa kupararira kwekupisa kweweld, izvo zvinokanganisa chimiro chechikamu chesimbi inocheneswa uye kumhanya kwewelding.

Indasitiri yeElectronic Semiconductor

Segasi risina simba, helium yakagadzikana zvekuti haigone kusangana nezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti ishandiswe sechidziviriro mukushongedza arc (kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweokisijeni mumhepo). Helium ine mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha, akadai sema semiconductors uye kugadzirwa kwefiber ye optical. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kutsiva nitrogen mukunyura zvakadzama kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemabubble enitrogen muropa, nokudaro ichidzivirira chirwere chekunyura.

Vhoriyamu Yekutengesa yeHelium Yepasi Pose (2016-2027)

Musika wepasi rose wehelium wakasvika pamadhora $1825.37 miriyoni muna 2020 uye unotarisirwa kusvika pamadhora $2742.04 miriyoni muna 2027, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwegore negore (CAGR) kwe5.65% (2021-2027). Indasitiri iyi haina kusava nechokwadi kukuru mumakore anotevera. Data rekufanotaura ra2021-2027 riri mupepa iri rakavakirwa pakufambira mberi kwenhoroondo yemakore mashoma apfuura, mafungiro enyanzvi dzeindasitiri uye mafungiro evaongorori vari mupepa iri.

Indasitiri yehelium inonyanya kushandiswa, inobva muzviwanikwa zvechisikigo, uye ine vagadziri vashoma pasi rose, kunyanya muUnited States, Russia, Qatar neAlgeria. Munyika, chikamu chevatengi chakanyanya kushandiswa muUnited States, China, neEurope nezvimwewo. United States ine nhoroondo refu uye chinzvimbo chisingazununguki muindasitiri iyi.

Makambani mazhinji ane mafekitori akati wandei, asi kazhinji haasi pedyo nemisika yevatengi vavo. Nokudaro, chigadzirwa ichi chine mutengo wakakwira wekutakura.

Kubva mumakore mashanu ekutanga, kugadzirwa kwehelium kwave kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Helium inzvimbo isingadzokororwe simba, uye pane mitemo iripo munyika dzinogadzira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti icharamba ichishandiswa. Vamwe vanofanotaura kuti helium ichapera mune ramangwana.

Indasitiri iyi ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Nyika dzinenge dzese dzinoshandisa helium, asi shoma chete ndidzo dzine helium yakachengetwa.

Helium ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye ichawanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Zvichienderana nekushaikwa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, kudiwa kwehelium kunogona kuwedzera mune ramangwana, zvichizoda dzimwe nzira dzakakodzera. Mitengo yeHelium inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira kubva muna 2021 kusvika 2026, kubva pa$13.53 / m3 (2020) kusvika pa$19.09 / m3 (2027).

Indasitiri iyi iri kukanganiswa nehupfumi nemutemo. Sezvo hupfumi hwepasi rose huri kupora, vanhu vakawanda vari kunetseka nezvekuvandudza mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina kubudirira dzine vanhu vakawanda uye kukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza, kudiwa kwehelium kuchawedzera.

Parizvino, vagadziri vakuru vepasi rose vanosanganisira Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) naGazprom (Ru), nezvimwewo. Muna 2020, mugove wekutengesa wevagadziri vepamusoro 6 uchapfuura 74%. Zvinotarisirwa kuti makwikwi muindasitiri achawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma anotevera.

Midziyo yeHL Cryogenic

Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa zve helium yemvura uye kukwira kwemutengo, zvakakosha kuderedza kurasikirwa nekudzoserwa kwe helium yemvura mukushandiswa kwayo nekutakurwa kwayo.

HL Cryogenic Equipment yakavambwa muna 1992 ikambani yakabatana neHL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yakazvipira kugadzira nekugadzira High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System pamwe nemidziyo yekutsigira yakabatana nayo kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Vacuum Insulated Pipe neFlexible Hose zvakagadzirwa muvacuum yakakwira uye ine machira akawanda, uye inopfuura nepakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwakasimba uye vacuum treatment yakakwira, iyo inoshandiswa kutamisa okisijeni yemvura, nitrogen yemvura, argon yemvura, hydrogen yemvura, helium yemvura, liquefied ethylene gas LEG uye liquefied nature gas LNG.

Zvigadzirwa zveVacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, uye Phase Separator muHL Cryogenic Equipment Company, zvakapfuura nepakati pematanho ekurapa kwakasimba kwazvo, zvinoshandiswa pakufambisa okisijeni yemvura, nitrogen yemvura, argon yemvura, hydrogen yemvura, helium yemvura, LEG neLNG, uye zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa michina ye cryogenic (semuenzaniso matangi e cryogenic, ma dewars nema coldboxes nezvimwewo) mumaindasitiri ekuparadzanisa mhepo, magasi, ndege, zvemagetsi, superconductor, machipisi, automation assembly, chikafu nezvinwiwa, pharmacy, chipatara, biobank, rabha, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari engineering, iron & steel, uye scientific research nezvimwewo.

Kambani yeHL Cryogenic Equipment yave mutengesi/mutengesi akakodzera weLinde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, uye Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) nezvimwewo.