Mumasystem ekutamisa magetsi e cryogenic, mutengo wekutanga wekutenga chikamu chimwe chete che equation. Kune mafekitori mapfupi uye ari nyore, insulation yenguva dzose inogona kunge iri mhinduro inoshanda. Zvisinei, mukushanda kwemaindasitiri nguva dzose, kunyanya kune LNG, liquid nitrogen, argon, kana hydrogen service, kurasikirwa kwekushanda uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvinowanzova zvakakosha kupfuura mutengo wepakutanga wemidziyo.

Zvichibva pamashandisirwo atakaona mumakore apfuura, masisitimu anoputira vacuum anowanzo dzorera mari yakawanda yekutanga mukati memakore angangoita 1.5 kusvika 2, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda, kukosha kwechigadzirwa, uye urefu hwepombi.

Nei mashandiro ekudzivirira akajairwa achichinja nekufamba kwenguva

Zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakaita se polyurethane furo, girazi remuchina, kana perlite zvinogona kupa mashandiro ekupisa anogamuchirwa kana ari matsva. Kufambiswa kwekupisa kwakajairika kunowanzova pakati pe0.015–0.030 W/m·K mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.

Dambudziko nderekuti masisitimu e cryogenic haawanzo shanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwenguva yakareba.

Munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, zvakaoma kudzivirira kupinda kwehunyoro zvachose. Perlite inogona kugara nekufamba kwenguva, uye furo rinodzivirira rinogona kukanganiswa nekukwegura, kumanikidzwa, kana kukuvara kwemuchina panguva yekushanda nekugadzirisa. Mune mamwe mashandisirwo, kushanda kwekupisa kunoderera zvakanyanya mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda.

Kune nitrogen yemvura kana LNG transfer lines, kunyangwe kuwedzera kudiki kwekubuda kwemvura mumhepo kunogona kuwedzera kuburitsa utsi. Mukufamba kwenguva refu, izvi zvinokanganisa kurasikirwa kwechigadzirwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem.

Kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu chisingakosheswi panguva yekutenga. Kana insulation yazara kana kukuvara, basa rekugadzirisa rinowanzo shandiswa nesimba, kunyanya pakuisa panze kana mapaipi munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa.

Zvakanakira zvekushanda kwekupisa kwe vacuum insulation

Mapaipi ekudzivirira ngurainoshanda nenzira yakasiyana. Nekubvisa nzvimbo ye annular kuenda kune yakakwira vacuum level, gaseous conduction uye convection zvinoderedzwa kusvika padanho rakaderera zvikuru. Mwaranzi inova ndiyo nzira huru yekufambisa kupisa yasara, iyo inoderedzwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwe multilayer insulation.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akagadzikana evacuum, kufambiswa kwemhepo kunoshanda kunogona kuramba kuri pakati pe0.0005–0.002 W/m·K, zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo esystem uye tembiricha yekushanda.

Muchokwadi, kudzikira uku kwekubuda kwemvura mumhepo kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inoyerwa pakurasikirwa nekubuda kwemvura. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe gasi remuindasitiri rinosanganisira kutamiswa kwemvura ye argon, kubviswa kwemvura kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya mushure mekutsiva mapaipi enguva dzose anoputirwa ne vacuum insulated system. Kuchengetedzwa chaiko kunoenderana nekuyerera kwemvura, duty cycle, mamiriro ekunze, uye daro rekutamiswa kwemvura.

Kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwevacuum kunokosha

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinowanzo furatirwa ndechekuti hunhu hwe vacuum pachahwo hunofanira kuramba hwakagadzikana nekufamba kwenguva.

Masisitimu ekubvisa mhepo asingachinji anogona kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekubuda kwegasi, kuyerera kwechisimbiso, kana kudonha kwemvura kudiki kwakaunganidzwa mumakore mazhinji ekushanda. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanzononoka, asi kana ikashanda kwenguva refu inova yakakosha.

Kuti tigadzirise izvi, sisitimu yedu inogona kuve neSisitimu yeDynamic Vacuum Pombi, iyo inobvisa magasi asingapindi mvura kubva munzvimbo ye annular uye inobatsira kuchengetedza kushanda kwe vacuum panguva yekushanda.

Maitiro aya anobatsira zvikuru kune zvivakwa zvikuru zveLNG, nzvimbo dze semiconductor, uye mashandisirwo ane miitiro inogara iripo uko kugadzikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu kwakakosha.

Mune imwe nzvimbo ye semiconductor muAsia, huwandu hwe vacuum hwakaramba huri pasi pe 5×10⁻⁵ mbar mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda nekuchengetedza vacuum nguva nenguva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, mamwe masisitimu e vacuum akajairwa anogona kuzoda kubviswazve mufekitori.

Zvikamu zviri kunze kwepombi pachayo

Kushanda kwesystem yekufambisa cryogenic hakungotariswi chete nechikamu chepombi yakatwasuka.

Mavharuvhu, zvinobatanidzwa zvinochinjika, zvinoparadzanisa zvikamu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogonawo kuva manyuko makuru ekupinda kwekupisa kana zvisina kuputirwa zvakanaka.

Semuenzaniso, matsinde evharuvhu akajairika anogona kugadzira mabhiriji ekupisa emunharaunda.Vharuvhu ine jekete revacuumMagadzirirwo anobatsira kuderedza izvi zvakanyanya uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa kwehurongwa.

Zvikamu zvinoparadzanisaZvakakoshawo mukushandiswa uko kuumbwa kweutsi kunokanganisa kugadzikana kwemidziyo iri pasi pemvura. Mumasisitimu ehydrogen neLNG, kuchengetedza kutumirwa kwemvura kwakasimba kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kushanduka-shanduka kwekushanda uye kuwedzera nguva dzekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinonzwa.

Mumaindasitiri akapararira, mapombi evacuum insulated anochinjika pamwe chete nemadikimatangi ekuchengetera anodzivirira ngurazvinogona zvakare kurerutsa kuiswa kana zvichienzaniswa nehurongwa hwemapombi hwakasimba, kunyanya kana paine nzvimbo shoma kana kufamba kwemidziyo.

Muenzaniso kubva pakuiswa kweLNG ine hunyoro

Chirongwa muSoutheast Asia chaisanganisira mapombi ekufambisa eLNG akaiswa pedyo nenzvimbo dzekutakurira marori munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakawanda pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Sisitimu yekutanga yaishandisa mapombi ane furo.

Nekufamba kwenguva, kusvibiswa kwemvura kakawanda kwakakonzera kudzikira kwekudzivirira kupisa uye basa rekugadzirisa rinogara richiitwa. Sekureva kwemushandi, kutsiva kupisa kupisa uye basa rinoitwa pamwe chete nazvo zvaireva mutengo wakawanda unoramba uchiitika panguva yekushanda kwefekitori.

Sisitimu iyi yakazovandudzwa kuita mapaipi anoputira vacuum insulated uye mahose anoputira vacuum insulated assemblies akabatana nesystem yekuchengetedza vacuum cleaner.

Mushure mekuvandudzwa, zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kuramba uchishanda kwakavandudzika. Kunyangwe sisitimu inodzivirira kupisa inopisa yaida mari yakawanda yekutanga, mushandi akafungidzira kuti mari yekushandisa kwenguva refu nekugadzirisa yaive yakaderera zvakanyanya munguva yakatarwa yebasa.

Kuongorora mutengo wose pane mutengo wekutenga chete

Kune zvikwata zvinotenga zvinhu, kuongorora mutengo wemidziyo yezuva rekutanga chete dzimwe nguva kunogona kupa mufananidzo usina kukwana wehupfumi hwese hwehurongwa.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa cryogenic, kudonha kwekupisa kwakawanda mumakore ekushanda kunokanganisa simba rakananga uye mutengo wechigadzirwa. Musiyano wacho unowedzera kuoneka sezvo daro rekutamiswa uye maawa ekushanda zvichiwedzera.

Masisitimu edu akagadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neASME B31.3 uye EN 13458.Pombi yekudzivirira mvura inodziyaZvikamu zviripo mu304 ne316L simbi isingatsvi, pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwakagadzirirwa kudzokororwa kwekupisa.Hosipaipi inochinjikamagungano anogonawo kugadziriswa kuti ashandiswe zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neprojekiti.

Kushanda chaiko uye purofiti yekudyara zvinosiyana kubva paprojekiti kuenda kune imwe, ndosaka ongororo yekupisa ichifanira kunge yakavakirwa pamamiriro chaiwo ekushanda kwete pakufungidzira kuri nyore.

Kana kuputira kwakajairika kuchiri kukodzera

Kudzivirira kwakajairika kuchiri sarudzo yakanaka mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kana mapaipi achishandiswa kwenguva pfupi, achiiswa kwenguva pfupi, kana kuti achishandiswa nguva nenguva uye asingashandiswi zvakanyanya pagore, mari yekuwedzera yekudzivirira vacuum inogona kunge isiri iyo inonzwisisika nguva dzose.

Zvisinei, kune zvivakwa zvechigarire zvine basa rekudzivirira kupisa rinoenderera mberi kana rakawanda, masisitimu ekudzivirira kupisa anowanzo batsira zvikuru kana akaongororwa mukati mehupenyu hwese hwekushanda.